The column which is having a vetical member whose effective length is greater than 3 times and it is having the least lateral dimensions caring compressive load is called column.The load transfer from the beam or slab to the footing or foundation.When the inclined member carrying compressive load in case frames and transvers is called struts.The pedestial is the vertical compression member whose the effective length is less than 3 times.
what are the types of Columns
1. Based on the reinforcement: depending upon the types of reinforcement used.
a. Tied column: The main longitudinal bar of the column are confied with in closely spaced lateral toes and it's is also known as tied column.
b. Spiral column: when main longitudinal bar of column are enclosed with in closely spaced and continuously wound spiral reinforcement and it is known as spiral column.
C. Composite column: The steel section is in the form of longitudinal reinforcement or pipe with out longitudinal bars and it is known as composite column.
2. Based on types of loading: Depending upon types of loading column may be classified into the following three types
Axially loaded column: The line of action of the resultant comprehensive with the centre of gravity.
3. Based on slenderness ratio: It is depending upon the slenderness ratio the column are classified.
a. Short column: The ratio of effective length of column to least column laterial dimensions is less than 12.It is called short column.
b. long column: It is the ratio effective length of the column to the least lateral dimension exceeds 12.It is called as long column.